Athens Bushido Center

aikido dictionary

Τα περισσότερα από τα παρακάτω δεν θα τα ακούσετε σε ένα dojo στην Ελλάδα, τα πιο συνηθισμένα και βασικά, είναι αυτά με την έντονη γραμματοσειρά.

Χτυπήματα

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
AtemiStrike to a vital point
Chudan-zukiA punch to the abdominal region
Gedan-zukiDownward punch
Gyaku-uchiAny reverse strike
Gyaku-zukiPunching with the rear hand
Jodan-zukiUpper strike
Kaeshi-zukiCounter thrust
Katate-uchiOne-handed strike
Men-uchiStrike to head
Mune tsukiThrust toward knot on obi
Shomen uchiOverhead strike to the head.
TsukiIn Aikido, usually a Chudan Oi-zuki
UchiInside; strike
Yokomen uchiDiagonal strike to the side of the head.
Yoko-uchiA sideward strike

Πιασίματα

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
Gyakute-doriTo grasp with one’s hand reversed; to grasp and opponents right wrist with your left hand
Katate doriOne hand holding one hand.
Katate kosadorihand grab (katatedori ai-hanmi)
Katate ryotetoriTwo hands holding one hand.
Morote doriTwo hands holding one hand.
Kata doriShoulder hold
Ryokata doriGrabbing both shoulders.
Ryote doriTwo hands holding two hands.
Mune doriOne or two hand lapel hold.
Hiji doriElbow grab
Sode doriSleeve grab
Ushiro eri-doriNeck grab from the back (usually the collar)
Ushiro tekubi doriWrist grab from the back.
Ushiro ryote doriAs above from the back.
Ushiro ryokata doriAs above from the back.
Ushiro kubi shimeRear choke.

Μέλη του σώματος

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
HaraThe abdomen, stomach
AbaraThe ribs
AgoJaw
AshiLeg
AshikubiAnkle
AtamaHead
ChototsuAtemi point between the eyes
DaitaiThe thigh
EriLapel; collar
FukutoAtemi point just above inside of knee
GanmenThe face
KaoThe face
GekonPressure point below lower lip
GokokuPressure point in fleshy area between thumb and forefinger
HaishuBack of the hand
HaitoHead temple
HijiElbow
Hiji-zumeAtemi point on inside of elbow
HitaiForehead
Ippon-kenAn one-knuckle fist
JinchuPressure point on upper lip below nose
JintaiThe body
Jinkai-kyushoVital points on the human body
JuizoThe kidney area
JunchuAtemi point on the upper lip
KakatoThe heel of the foot
KakutoBack of the wrist (for a strike)
KashiLegs
KatateOne hand
KeichuAtemi point on back of neck
KenkokotsuShoulder blades
KoteWrist
KubiNeck
Kubi-nakaAtemi point at base of skull
KyushoVital point on body
MataThe thigh; the groin
MenHead
MikazukiAtemi at corner of jaw
MimiEars
MoroteBoth hands
MukozuneAtemi point in middle of shin
MuneChest
NaikePressure point on inside of ankle
NukiteEnds of stiffened fingers
Seika-tandenLower abdomen
SeikenFront of fist
SeikichuThe spine
SenakaThe back of the body
KaradaThe body
Shita haraLower abdomen
ShomenFace
ShutoEdge of hand
SodeSleeve
SokeiGroin
SokusoTips of toes (for kicking)
TandenAbdomen
TegatanaThe arm as sword
TeishoHeel of the hand
TekubiWrist
Te-no-hiraPalm of hand
TentoAtemi point on top of head
TettsuiHammer fist
Te-uraInside of wrist
UdeThe arm
UrakenBack of fist
WakiSide; armpit
WakikageAtemi point in armpit
YokomenSide of the head
YubiFinger

Εντολές στο Dojo

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
AtoMove back
HajimeStart
HayakuQuickly
Ki o tsuketeBe careful
KoutaiChange
MateWait
MawatteTurn around
MokusoClose the eyes, meditation
SuwatteSit down
TatteRaise
YameStop
YoiReady
YukuriSlow
Yuru yaka niSmooth
Shinzen ni rei / Shomen ni reiBow to shrine
Sensei ni reiBow to sensei
Joseki ni reiBow to the high section of the dojo
Kamiza ni reiBow to kamiza (gods)
Otagai ni reiBow to each other
ReiBow

Λέξεις & Φράσεις

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
ArigatoThank you (informal)
DomoThanks (informal)
Domo arigatoThank you (formal)
Domo arigato gozaimasuThank you very much (very formal) (for something that is happening)
Domo arigato gozaimas’taThank you very much (very formal) (for something that has just ended)
DozoPlease go ahead
Gomen nasaiExcuse me, I’m sorry
Onegai shimasuPlease (when asking for something, usually as in Please lets practice together)
SumimasenExcuse me (to attract attention)
HaiYes
IieNo
WakarimasuI understand

Κατευθύνσεις

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
MaeForward
MigiRight
HidariLeft
UshiroRearward, behind
OmoteFront
UraBack
UchiInside
SotoOutside
JodanHigh
ChudanMiddle
GedanLow
HeikoParallel
MassuguStraight ahead
NanameDiagonal
OtoshiDropping
ShomenStraight ahead
UeUp
YokoHorizontal, to the side
AsokoOver there
GyakuReverse, opposite, inverted
HantaiThe other way around
KikuLower
KomiComing close or drawing near.
SokoThere, that position
Hantai-niIn the opposite direction
HappoThe eight sides; in all directions
ChokusenA straight line
NakaCenter
Naka niTo the center
WakiSide; armpit
ZenpoFront

Στάσεις σώματος

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
HanmiHalf forward stance.
HitoemiEqual stance, feet parallel forward
Iai goshiHips lowered, stable position.
Iai hiza, Tate hizaKneeling on one calf.
KamaePosture, stance.
KizaKneeling, but up on the toes.
SeizaKneeling on both calves.
TachiStanding
ChudanMiddle kamae, sword in middle, seigan is a chudan gamae.
GedanLower level, sword pointed down.
Hasso gamaeFigure 8 stance, sword by side of head. Usually hasso hidari, sword on right, left foot forward.
JodanUpper level, sword above head. Usually hidari jodan, left foot forward.
KasumiArms crossed over to hide technique (mountain mist).
KongoBlade vertical in front of face.
SeiganNatural step, fundamental kamae.
Waki gamaeSword pointed down and back, for a sutemi (sacrifice) waza. Usually sword on right side (migi waki gamae), left foot forward. Other purpose – hiding length of sword, especially in case of a broken one.

Αρχές

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
Ikkyo1. principle = oshi taoshi, ude osae
Nikyo2. principle = kote mawashi, kotemaki
Sankyo3. principle = kote hineri, shibori-kime
Yonkyo4. principle = tekubi osae
Gokyo5. principle = kuji-osae
Rokkyo6. principle = hiji-kime-osae or waki-katame or ude-hishigi.
Nanakyo7. principle = Yonkyo applied to back of wrist

Ρίψεις

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
Irimi nageEntering throw (“20 year technique”)
Juji nage, juji garamiArm entwining throw (“No. 10 throw”, since the arms form the japanese sign for 10 “+”. arms crossed, elbows locked)
Kaiten nageRotary throw. uchi-kaiten nage and soto-kaiten nage (inside and outside)
Kokyu homorotetori kokyu nage or ryotemochi kokynage ude-oroshi irimi
Kokyu nageBreath throw (There are a zillion of these in Aikido. Most of them just variations of the basic techniques)
Koshi nageHip throw
Kote gaeshiWrist turn-out
Shiho nageFour direction throw
Tenchi nageHeaven and earth throw
Aiki otoshientering more deeply and picking up uke’s off-side leg
Maki otoshinage ends up down on one knee, having thrown uke over nage’s shoulder
Sumi gaeshicorner throw
Sumi otoshiCorner drop
Tai-atari uchi otoshifrom yokomen-uchi, entering and blocking.,uke gets thrown backwards
Ushiro udoroshi / Ushiro kiritoshipull down from behind
Kokyu dosaBreath-power movement (from seiza)
Kaiten no sae / KatagatameA variation of Kaiten nage where you lock your opponents shoulder and bring him directly to the ground in a lock

Βαθμοί & Τίτλοι

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
KohaiJunior student
SempaiSenior student
SenseiInstructor
ShihanA senior teacher, properly used within the school only, when outside, use sensei
KyuStudent grade, from 10 up to 1, the highest: jukyu, kukyu, hachikyu, nanakyu, rokyu, gokyu, yonkyu, sankyu, nikkyu, ikkyu
DanMore advanced grades, from 1 to 10: shodan, nidan, sandan, yondan, godan, rokudan, nanadan, hachidan, kudan, judan
YudanshaMembers with dan grades
MudanshaMembers with kyu grades
HanshiHighest title from ZNKR, must be 55 or older and 8 dan.
KyoshiMiddle title from ZNKR, must be 7th dan.
RenshiTitle bestowed from ZNKR in addition to Dan ranks.
SokeHead of style (actually head of family, unifier of gods and lineage)
DoshuHead of the way (currently Moriteru Ueshiba, grandson of O Sensei)
Kaicho“Owner” of school (organization) eg. Sei Do Kai
Kancho“Owner” of school (building, hall) eg. Yugen Kan
Dojo-cho“Leader” of a dojo
O SenseiGreat Teacher (Ueshiba, Morihei)

Τεχνικές

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
UkemiLit. “receiving with the body”
KumitachiSword partnership practice
KumijoStaff partnership practices
Tachi doriSword takeaways
Tanto doriKnife takeaways
Atemi-wazaTechniques to strike a vital point
Hanmi-handachi wazaOne person standing, one person sitting techniques
Henka wazaVaried technique. Especially beginning one technique and changing to another in mid-execution
Hitori waza“invisible partner practice”
Jiju wazaFree-style practice of techniques. Usually a set of attacks or techniques. It is different from Randori where everything is allowed.
Kaeshi-wazaCounter techniques
Kansetsu-wazaDislocation techniques
Katame-wazaGrappling techniques; consisting of osae waza, kensetsu waza, and shime waza
Kihon-wazaFundamental techniques
Nagashi wazaFlowing from one technique to next
Omote wazaTechniques that are revealed to the public
Osae wazaPinning techniques.
Shi wazaA counter technique
Sukashi wazaTechniques performed without allowing the attacker to complete a grab or to initiate a strike.
Suwari wazaTechniques executed with both uke and nage in a seated position.
Tachi wazaStanding techniques.
Te-wazaHand techniques (as opposed to weapons)
Uchi-wazaStriking techniques
Ushiro-wazaTechniques from rear attacks
Uke-wazaBlocking techniques

Ρουχισμός

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
TenuguiSmall hand cloth to wipe face. Also worn under the helmet in kendo.
Keiko gi, do gi, giPractice uniform.
Embu giDemonstration top / uniform.
KesaLapel / part of monk’s costume hanging from left shoulder.
MonFamily crests on uniform
MontsukiWide sleaved top with mon on chest, sleeve and back.
SodeSleeve, on practice top.
Uwa giPractice top.
ZekkenChest patch embroidered with own name and dojo name.
ObiBelt
HakamaSplit skirt, wide legged pants.
KoshiitaBack plate on hakama.
TabiJapanese sock-slippers used in dojo.
ZoriJapanese sandals for use outside dojo.

Διάφορα

ΟνομασίαΠεριγραφή
Uchi deshi (内弟子)A live-in student
BudoMartial way
AikidoThe way of harmony with ki
DojoLit. “way place”
Zanshinlit. “remaining spirit”, balanced and aware state
KiaiA shout delivered for the purpose of focussing all of one’s energy
SatoriEnlightenment
Misogipurification ceremony
MusubiEnding, conclusion, union
ShugyoTraining, pursuit of knowledge
TatamiMat
UkeReceiver of the technique (attacker)
NageDoer of the technique (defender)
BokkenWooden sword
BokutoWooden sword
JoShort staff (~130 cm length)
ShinaiBamboo sword
GenshinIntuition
GiriDuty; What you have to do
HikiPull; tug
HineriA twist
Hito-e-miBlending with motion of attack
IdoMovement
IdoriTechniques practiced from seiza
Ikki-niIn one breath; instantly
ImaNow
IrimiEntering
KaitenRotation
KihonFundamental
KokoroSpirit, will, heart, intuition, mood
Kokoro-gamaeMental attitude
KokutsuBackward leaning
KoryuOld style
MaaiCombat engagement distance
Mae-no-senTaking the initiative; Attacking the instant your opponent thinks about it
MakiWrapped around
MawashiA turn; a rotation
MokusoMeditation
Munen mushinStriking without conscience
NagashiFlow
NobashiStretched out
NukiPull
OsaePress; push; to immobolize
RandoriFree style
ReigiEtiquette; also reishiki
RenshuHard work on basics
RitsureiA standing bow
SabakiBody motion
SankakuTriangle
Sen-no-senSeizing initiative just as opponents initiates attack
Shi / BushiA (samurai) person
ShikiCeremony, style, form
ShikkoOn one’s knees
ShinshinMind and body
Shinshin shugyoMind and body training
Shinshin toitsuMind and body unified
ShitaDown
Shita-noOf the lower part
ShizokuSafe spot
ShoSmall
ShoshinBeginners mind
ShuchuConcentration
ShugekiAttack
SudoriMomentum
Tai-atariBody contact
Tai-chikaraExternal power (muscle)
TaisabakiBody motion
TaijutsuBody art
Tai-no-henkoReversing the body’s position
Tanin-geikoPracticing with multiple attackers
TaoshiTo tip over
TatekiMultiple attackers
Tateki-geikoPracticing with multiple attackers
Tateki-uchiFighting with multiple attackers
TenkanPivot
Fukushiki-kokyuAbdominal breathing